I started cauliflower for the first time in late spring, and have been harvesting it since late July through August (and even now). This orange variety above (4.5 lbs) is called Cheddar because of it’s color (but does not taste like cheese.) I also grew a white variety (Freedom). I have only one left to harvest. Really outstanding flavor with both varieties. Easy to grow but did get a few cabbage loopers later in the season.
This is an easy fix-to get rid of cabbage looper caterpillars, either spray in the season with Bt, an insecticide that kills only caterpillars. Does not affect other insects, pets, birds or bees. Another thing you can do is soak the cauliflower head (I actually break it up into bigger pieces in salt water for about 10 minutes and the loopers float off.
giantveggiegardener 
What a gorgeous cauliflower! Such a pretty color.
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Impressive! This is a common crop in the Salinas Valley, but does not do so well everywhere. I treat it as a cool season vegetable only.
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can I grow cauliflower over winter in a protected space?
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Maybe. It would need to be well protected and would need supplemental light as after Thanksgiving all the plants stop growing from Thanksgiving thru Jan 15 due to low light levels, so you would need them to be well established before then.
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